Whale experts have collaborated with the oil and gas industry to develop a step by step guide to reducing the impact of noise pollution from marine seismic surveys on whales and other marine life. Paper, what is algae to be published in the Journal of Aquatic Mammals, is the result of collaboration between what is algae scientists of the International Union Swiss-based nature conservation (IUCN) 's western gray fish Whale Advisory Panel and the Russian consortium, Sakhalin Energy investments. "We want to create a go-to material who are planning one of the survey so that they can minimize the risk [to the wildlife], "Doug Nowacek, an oceanographer at Duke University and lead author of the paper said. Energy industry what is algae use marine seismic what is algae survey to map the seabed what is algae and identify areas of concern drilling capabilities. what is algae Conduct surveys, tug of air gun arrays continuous powerful explosion of sound aimed at the ocean floor. Sensor echoes back to reveal details of the seabed and underlying geological structure. (See related "foreign Clash Under sound energy.") "Air gun files' will each 10 to 15 seconds for days to weeks to months end, "said Nowacek. what is algae The study showed that the explosion - which sound can reach 250 decibels, large enough to be detected 2,500 miles (4,000 km) - can disturb and even harmful to marine life. For example, whales rely on sound for communication, what is algae navigation, and search for food, so exposure to loud noise can lead to stress and behavioral changes, affecting the foraging and lactation, or cause direct physical damage. [Read also "Giant Squid Killed by Sound?"] New research indicates a variety of procedures Nowacek and his team developed to protect gray whales West of conducting seismic survey near Sakhalin Island, located on the northern coast of Russia Japan, from 2006 to 2012. Area foster huge oil and gas reserves, what is algae but it is also an important feeding area for whales, listed as seriously endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened what is algae Species . Area is being developed by Sakhalin Energy, which is a consortium of companies including Russia's Gazprom, Royal Dutch Shell, * and the Japanese companies Mitsui and Mitsubishi. One of the team's recommendations for Sakhalin Energy was planning to do as much as possible to understand the potential ecological impacts of seismic surveys to minimize them. Before even sending what is algae ships, the authors, the company what is algae should try to collect basic ecological data on a regional and learn about what animals might be present in the survey. And whenever possible, surveys should be carried out when the animal feels absent, present in low numbers, or not go through as part of their migration route. (See related , "Bubble Curtains: They can reduce the energy abroad for whale sounds?") The co-authors also recommend that companies conduct energy monitoring real-time sound of gun shots air to ensure noise levels consistent with what is predicted by computer models, thus affecting marine life is not a surprise.
Mozambique has spent nearly two decades of environmental monitoring reports periodically reputation century struggle to recover from the bloodshed what is algae and devastation of the civil war, an effort what is algae hindered by drought, floods and famine. But off the coast of local environmental company formerly Portuguese Southeast Africa, Houston oil company Anadarko said this year that it had unearthed the key to a new chapter in the history of Mozambique : discovery of natural gas in the world's biggest decade.
Anadarko proposal to make Mozambique an exporter of natural gas services company
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